Sex chromosomes and their evolution

What phenotypic ratio do you expect from the following crosses with reference to colour blindness in human beings? (UPSC 2019, 15 Marks, )

आप मानवों में रंग अंधता के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित संकरणों से कौन सा प्रकटात्मक अनुपात अपेक्षित करते हैं? (What phenotypic ratio do you expect from the following crosses with reference to colour blindness in human beings?)
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The Genotype of the parent is as under: 2n + XhY × 2n + X0xh. Indicate the type of Gametes that will be formed, and character represented by their Offsprings. Also indicate whether the parents are carriers or free from disorder. Find out: (i) Percentage of carriers. (ii) Percentage of haemophilic sons and daughters. (iii) Percentage of normal offsprings. Why does haemophilia occur? Give the symptoms of haemophilia. How is haemophilia genetically inherited? (UPSC 2015, 20 Marks, )

माता-पिता का जीनोटाइप इस प्रकार है: 2n + XhY × 2n + X0xh। बनने वाले गैमीट्स के प्रकार और उनके संतानों द्वारा प्रदर्शित लक्षणों को दर्शाएं। यह भी बताएं कि माता-पिता वाहक हैं या विकार से मुक्त हैं। पता लगाएं: (i) वाहकों का प्रतिशत। (ii) हीमोफिलिक पुत्रों और पुत्रियों का प्रतिशत। (iii) सामान्य संतानों का प्रतिशत। हीमोफिलिया क्यों होता है? हीमोफिलिया के लक्षण बताएं। हीमोफिलिया आनुवंशिक रूप से कैसे विरासत में मिलता है? (The Genotype of the parent is as under: 2n + XhY × 2n + X0xh. Indicate the type of Gametes that will be formed, and character represented by their Offsprings. Also indicate whether the parents are carriers or free from disorder. Find out: (i) Percentage of carriers. (ii) Percentage of haemophilic sons and daughters. (iii) Percentage of normal offsprings. Why does haemophilia occur? Give the symptoms of haemophilia. How is haemophilia genetically inherited?).
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What are sex-linked and sex-limited characters? Explain by suitable examples their mode of transmission. (UPSC 2013, 10 Marks, )

लिंग-संलग्न और लिंग-सीमित लक्षण क्या हैं? उपयुक्त उदाहरणों द्वारा उनके संचरण के तरीके को समझाएं। (What are sex-linked and sex-limited characters? Explain by suitable examples their mode of transmission.)
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Modern theories of sex determination. (UPSC 1998, )

लिंग निर्धारण के आधुनिक सिद्धांत। (Modern theories of sex determination.)
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